Passive-margin prolonged volcanism,East Australian Plate: outbursts,progressions, plate controls and suggested causes     

F. L. Sutherland  I. T. Graham  S. Meffre  H. Zwingmann  R. E. Pogson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(7):983-1005

Prolonged intraplate volcanism along the 4000 km-long East Australian margin for ca 100 Ma raises many genetic questions. Studies of the age-progressive pulses embedded in general basaltic activity have spawned a host of models. Zircon U–Pb dating of inland Queensland central volcanoes gives a stronger database to consider the structure and origin of Australian age-progressive volcanic chains. This assists appraisal of this volcanism in relation to plate motion and plate margin tectonic models. Inland Queensland central volcanoes progressed south-southeast from 34 to 31 Ma (～5.4 cm/yr) until a surge in activity led to irregular southerly progression 31 to 28 Ma. A new inland southeastern Queensland central volcano line (25 to 22 Ma), from Bunya Mountains to North Main Range, followed 3 Ma behind the adjacent coastal progression. The Australian and Tasman Sea age-progressive chains are compared against recent plate motion modelling (Indian Ocean hotspots). The chain lines differ from general vector traces owing to west-facing swells and cessations in activity. Tectonic processes on the eastern plate margin may regulate these irregularities. These include subduction, rapid roll-back and progressive detachment of the Loyalty slab (43 to 15 Ma). West-flowing Pacific-type asthenosphere, related to perturbed mantle convection, may explain the west-facing volcanic surges. Such westward Pacific flow for over 28 Ma is known at the Australian–Antarctic Discordance, southeast of the present Australian plume sites under Bass Strait–West Tasman Sea. Most basaltic activity along eastern Australia marks asthenospheric melt injections into Tasman rift zone mantle and not lithospheric plate speed. The young (post-10 Ma) fields (Queensland, Victoria–South Australia) reflect new plate couplings, which altered mantle convection and stress regimes. These areas receive asthenospheric inputs from deep thermal zones off northeast Queensland and under Bass Strait.  相似文献   

AuSREM: Australian Seismological Reference Model     

B. L. N. Kennett  M. Salmon 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1091-1103

Although Australia has been the subject of a wide range of seismological studies, these have concentrated on specific features of the continent at crustal scales and on the broad-scale features in the mantle. The Australian Seismological Reference Model (AuSREM) is designed to bring together the existing information and provide a synthesis in the form of a 3-D model that can provide the basis for future refinement from more detailed studies. The model is grid based with a 0.5° sampling in latitude and longitude and is designed to be fully interpolable, so that properties can be extracted at any point. The crustal component makes use of prior compilations of sediment thicknesses, with cross-checks against recent reflection profiling, and provides P and S wavespeed distributions through the crust. The primary information for P wavespeed comes from refraction profiles, for S wavespeed from receiver function studies, and we are able to use the results of ambient noise tomography to link the point observations into national coverage. Density values are derived using results from gravity interpretations. AuSREM is able to build on a new map of depth to Moho, which has been created using all available information including Moho picks from over 10 000 km of full crustal profiling across the continent. In the upper mantle, the primary source of information comes from seismic surface wave tomography and a representative model has been developed to capture the features of a range of studies. Body-wave studies and regional tomography provide useful constraints on the relationship between P and S wavespeeds. The mantle model extends beyond the continent and so covers a larger area than for the crust. Below 350 km and in the surrounding area, AuSREM is linked to the S40RTS model. Potential applications of the AuSREM model come through the delineation of major structural features in the crust and mantle, and consequent improvements in, for example, earthquake location within the continent and at the nearby plate boundaries.  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江西段东波超镁铁岩体经历了俯冲带流体的改造：来自铂族元素的证据          下载免费PDF全文

牛晓露杨经绥  陈松永刘 飞 熊发挥 刘 钊 郭国林 《中国地质》2013,40(3):756-766

提要：东波超镁铁岩体位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带的西段,在中国是一个不多见的面积超过400 km2的大型超镁铁岩体。已有的岩石学和矿物学特征表明,该岩体与同一带中含有大型铬铁矿的罗布莎岩体可以对比,是一个寻找铬铁矿床的远景区。本文开展了东波超镁铁岩的主要组成岩石类型——方辉橄榄岩的铂族元素（PGE）研究,并结合主量和稀土元素（REE）组成,探讨岩体的成因。东波超镁铁岩中方辉橄榄岩具有相当高的Os含量（3.52×10-9~4.36×10-9）,亏损的主量元素组成和低于原始地幔的稀土元素含量（0.89×10-6~1.37×10-6）,指示东波超镁铁岩为经历过部分熔融和熔体抽取的亏损残余地幔岩石。东波超镁铁岩的PGE总含量为23.97×10-9~31.98×10-9,高于原始地幔的含量;PGE配分型式为左倾的正斜率型,相对Ir亚组铂族元素（IPGE）亏损钯亚组铂族元素（PPGE）,Pd/Ir=1.49~2.65;REE配分型式为中稀土亏损的“V”型或“U”型,原始地幔标准化元素比值（La/Sm）m 为 1.05~3.37,（Gd/Yb）m=0.28~0.64;这些数据揭示东波超镁铁岩经历过交代作用,交代物质应富集不相容元素,高PGE含量,相对IPGE富集PPGE;较低的Cu/Pd比值（1226~3448）要求交代物质还应富含硫化物;推测交代物质可能来源于俯冲带构造环境下所产生岩浆熔离出的富硫化物熔体/流体。  相似文献   

皖南休宁县里东坑似斑状花岗闪长岩成岩成矿特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

陈子微  余心起周 翔郝国胜  邱骏挺李鹏举 《中国地质》2013,40(6):1762-1776

提要：通过野外考察、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb测年和Re-Os同位素测试等手段,对里东坑似斑状花岗闪长岩及钼矿床的成因类型、成岩机制以及与壳幔作用的关系进行了分析讨论。测试结果显示：赋矿似斑状花岗闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（153.01±0.90） Ma（MSWD=1.14）,辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为（144.9±1.9） Ma（MSWD=2.0）,成岩与成矿均发生于燕山早期。主微量元素分析结果显示：岩石富Si和K,贫Mg、Ca、P等元素,具有高Rb、低Yb+Ta的特征,稀土元素具有轻微负Eu异常,轻稀土富集;辉钼矿样品Re含量主要介于24.17～27.92μg.g-1。说明赋矿似斑状花岗闪长岩具有I型花岗岩的特征,并经历了壳幔混合作用,判断里东坑似斑状花岗闪长岩为碰撞花岗岩类,形成于挤压背景,具备良好的成矿条件。  相似文献   

The Discovery and Significance of The Special Mix Crystal Xenoliths in Shoshonitic Volcanic Breccia at Maguan, Southeastern Yunnan     

HUANG Yupeng  LIU Xianfan  LI Chunhui  ZHAO Fufeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):246-248

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Multi-Style Modification of Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle during a Tethys Orogeny: Evidence from Permo-Triassic Mafic Dike Swarms in Northern Tibet Plateau     

XIONG Fuhao  MA Changqian  JIANG Hong’an  LIU Bin  HUANG Jian 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):274-276

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共和盆地地热能分布特征与聚集机制分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

严维德  王焰新  高学忠  张树恒  马月花  尚小刚  郭守鏊 《西北地质》2013,(4):223-230

位处青藏高原北部的青海省共和盆地,是一个自中生代以来形成的断陷盆地,周界由深大活动断裂控制,其内堆积有大厚度的第四纪和新近纪地层,揭露厚度达900～1440m,基底由印支期花岗岩组成,调（勘）查资料显示,盆地内具有热流值较高的特征,基底花岗岩地热梯度大于5℃,热异常明显。青藏高原宽频地震探测资料显示,共和盆地所在的东昆仑地块上地幔存在着一条宽达150km的低速带,其与巴颜喀拉地块深地幔中以大型低速异常体为特征的地幔热柱相关联,该低速带延伸到地壳,在共和盆地及其周边一带地表以下1～40km的不同部位形成热流异常区,导致在盆地浅部形成丰富的以干热岩、地下热水为主的地下热能资源,其不仅在城镇供暖方面具有现实推广意义,而且在发电等能源利用中潜力巨大。  相似文献   

Compositions of Upper Mantle Fluids Beneath Eastern China: Implications for Mantle Evolution   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHANG Mingjie  WANG Xianbin  LIU Gang  ZHANG Tongwei  BO WenruiInstitute of Geological Science  Lanzhou University  Lanzhou  Gansu  Key Lab of Gas-Geochemistry  Lanzhou Institute of Geology  CAS  Lanzhou  Gansu First Institute of Oceanography  State Oceanic Administration  Qingdao  Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):125-130

The composition of gases trapped in olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in Iherzolite xenoliths collected from different locations in eastern China has been measured by the vacuum stepped-heating mass spectrometry. These xenoliths are hosted in alkali basalts and considered as residues of partial melting of the upper mantle, and may contain evidence of mantle evolution. The results show that various kinds of fluid inclusions in Iherzolite xenoliths have been released at distinct times, which could be related to different stages of mantle evolution. In general, primitive fluids of the upper mantle (PFUM) beneath eastern China are dominated by H2, CO2 and CO, and are characterized by high contents of H2 and reduced gases. The compositions of PFUM are highly variable and related to tectonic settings. CO, CO2 and H2 are the main components of the PFUM beneath cratons; the PFUM in the mantle enriched in potassic metasomatism in the northern part of northeastern China has a high content of H2, while CO2 a  相似文献   

K-Ar Geochronology of Mesozoic Mafic Dikes in Shandong Province, Eastern China: Implications for Crustal Extension   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LIU Shen  HU Ruizhong  ZHAO Junhong  FENG Caixia Institute of Geochemistry  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guiyang  Guizhou 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(6):1207-1213

Based on K-Ar isotope analyses, Mesozoic mafic (and alkali ultramafic) dikes from western and eastern Shandong Province, China, are dated at 88.2±1.70 Ma to 169.5±3.7 Ma with the majority of ages ranging from 90 Ma to 140 Ma. The emplacement of the dikes suggests a major Yanshanian (Cretaceous) crustal extension in Shandong province. Together with other available age data, this study suggests four periods of crustal extension at about 80 Ma, 100 Ma, 120 Ma and 140 Ma, respectively. Besides the effect of collapse of the Yanshanian orogenic belt on the emplacement of the mafic dikes in Shandong in the Cretaceous, the mantle plume and the extensive left-lateral advection and extension of the Tanlu fault also have controlled the crustal extension and the emplacement of the mafic dikes in eastern Shandong and western Shandong, respectively.  相似文献   

地幔中铀的存在状态及其地球化学含义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜乐天  王文广 《地学前缘》2005,12(1):69-78

用235U诱发裂变径迹法对地幔岩捕虏体中铀的分布、含量及存在状态进行了详细的镜下径迹统计,以揭示铀元素在地幔岩中的种种存在状态和分布规律。在此基础上进一步把铀作为不相容元素群的示踪剂(tracer),指示地幔流体在深部地幔岩中的活动轨迹。结果表明,地幔流体能够渗透到各造岩矿物颗粒间隙、浆胞、蚀变边和晶体内部超微裂隙之中(此裂隙宽度很小,约为0.00 n~0.0 n mm)。地幔流体残渣呈极易浸出的非矿物形式的烃碱性物质吸附在超微裂隙之中(浸泡液pH>10)。通过浸泡结果能够大体窥知当初地幔流体的可能地球化学成分。  相似文献